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Definition of infection noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

infection

noun
 
/ɪnˈfekʃn/
 
/ɪnˈfekʃn/
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  1. [uncountable] the act or process of causing or getting a disease
    • to cause/prevent infection
    • Vaccination is essential to protect people exposed to hepatitis B infection.
    • The drugs slow down the progression of HIV infection.
    • Bacterial infection of the wound may occur.
    • to increase the risk of infection
    • The rate of infection is highest in the north-west of the country.
    • infection by something Birds are susceptible to infection by the virus.
    • infection with something Infection with malaria parasites may result in a wide variety of symptoms.
    see also cross-infection compare contagion
    Extra Examples
    • Taking vitamin C builds up your resistance to infection.
    • The urethra was the primary site of infection.
    • The virus affects the body's immune system so that it cannot fight infection.
    • We are trying to trace the source of infection.
    • infection from sewage water
    • infection of people by the virus
    • infection through unsafe sex
    • infection with bacteria
    • to protect the body from infection
    • The primary medical danger of rubella is the infection of pregnant women.
    Topics Health problemsb2
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • nasty
    • serious
    • severe
    verb + infection
    • have
    • suffer
    • suffer from
    infection + verb
    • develop
    • occur
    • spread
    preposition
    • in infection
    • infection from
    • infection through
    phrases
    • a cause of infection
    • the onset of infection
    • resistance to infection
    See full entry
  2. [countable] an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body
    • an ear/a chest infection
    • a respiratory infection
    • a viral/bacterial infection
    • a media campaign to raise awareness about sexually transmitted infections
    • to cause an infection
    • Sneezing is the most common way of spreading an infection.
    • infection of something a fungal infection of the skin
    Extra Examples
    • He's been off work with a throat infection.
    • an infection that occurs in swans
    • They want to prevent the infection spreading to other parts of the body.
    • The infection is passed on through the horse feed.
    • The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.
    • Almost all the sheep on the farm carried the infection.
    • Goats appear to be more susceptible to the infection than sheep.
    • He's suffering from an acute infection of the lower respiratory tract.
    • She's suffering from an acute lung infection.
    • Heavy lung infections may result in pneumonia.
    • If the primary infection is not treated further outbreaks may occur.
    • In acute infections of the urinary tract the patient may suffer severe pain.
    • Normally, white blood cells fight off and kill infections.
    • Over 90% of all new infections occur in the developing world.
    • She's always getting chest infections.
    Topics Health problemsb2 see also yeast infection
    Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective
    • nasty
    • serious
    • severe
    verb + infection
    • have
    • suffer
    • suffer from
    infection + verb
    • develop
    • occur
    • spread
    preposition
    • in infection
    • infection from
    • infection through
    phrases
    • a cause of infection
    • the onset of infection
    • resistance to infection
    See full entry
  3. Word Originlate Middle English: from late Latin infectio(n-), from Latin inficere ‘dip in, taint’, from in- ‘into’ + facere ‘put, do’.
Synonyms diseasediseaseillness disorder infection condition ailment bugThese are all words for a medical problem.disease a medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection:
  • He suffers from a rare blood disease.
illness a medical problem, or a period of suffering from one:
  • She died after a long illness.
disease or illness?Disease is used to talk about more severe medical problems, especially specific conditions and those that affect particular organs: Crohn's/​Parkinson's diseaseheart/​kidney/​liver diseaseheart/​kidney/​liver illness. Illness is used more generally and can refer to both severe and minor medical problems, and problems that affect mental health: a terminal/​life-threatening illnessa mild/​minor illnessmental illnessmental disease. Illness can be used about a period of time: a long/​short illnessa long/​short disease disorder (rather formal) a condition that causes problems with the way part of the body or brain works:
  • a rare disorder of the liver
A disorder is generally not infectious. Disorder is often used in the names of specific conditions affecting the brain, for example attention deficit disorder, bipolar disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. When it is used to talk about physical problems, it is often used with autoimmune, blood, bowel and kidney, and these are commonly serious, severe or rare.
infection an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body:
  • a throat infection
condition a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it:
  • a heart condition
ailment (rather formal) an illness that is not very serious:
  • childhood ailments
bug (informal) an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild:
  • a stomach bug
Patterns
  • to have/​suffer from a(n) disease/​illness/​disorder/​infection/​condition/​ailment/​bug
  • to catch/​contract/​get/​pick up a(n) disease/​illness/​infection/​bug
See infection in the Oxford Advanced American DictionarySee infection in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Academic English
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